History of Islamic Civilization and Institutions - Prof. Dr. Ziya Kazac

History of Islamic Civilization and institutions-Prof. Dr. Zia Digger



Product Features :


Publisher : IFAV
Author: Prof. Dr. Zia Digger
Cover Quality: Carton Cover
Page Quality: Imported Paper
Pages: 529
Language: Turkish
Size: 16 X 23.5 cm
Weight: 650g
Barcode: 9789755482057




PREFACE
Islam, which gathers and develops all the material and spiritual elements of civilization, is a divine system. For this reason, Muslims accepted the civilized understanding, which divine revelation tried to gradually develop, as a life order.
Islam, which arises in a political environment, has an exclusive characteristic of the nev-i Person. It is, so to speak, a divine civilization. This means that many of his institutions are based on Divine provisions.
As it is known," the history of Islamic Civilization and institutions", Hazrat Mahdi (as). Since Peygam-berden, the style of life of all Muslim societies, economic, social, religious, administrative, intellectual, technical, etc. he studies institutions such as. In this way, we find the opportunity to determine how society lives, how it thinks, what it wants to do, what it has achieved and what it has not achieved, starting from the first Muslim societies and coming to the present day and in different times and spaces. In this regard, it is possible to describe institutions as "living examples that show the establishment, development, the shape they take and the stages they pass on the historical scene of societies and states." However, it is not as easy as it is thought to recognize Islamic institutions and therefore Islamic civilization and tedkik the opportunities that it offers to serve humanity and bring them to light.
In this research, we did not divide the subjects into sections such as "religious", "administrative", "economic", "judicial", "technical", "fenni", "scientific" and" political". Because to consider Islamic civilization and organizations in the above-mentioned category would be to leave other aspects of the subject incomplete in our opinion. For example, Sheikhulislam is an official who has assumed all the duties of today's Ministries of Education and Justice and the presidency of Religious Affairs. In this regard, it is not possible to limit its activity and jurisdiction to just one task. In the same way, Zakat and öşür, which should be considered a financial liability according to today's practice, are also religious obligations. Qadi is both the judicial, military and beledi ruler of the city in which he is located. For this reason, whichever of these three sections you put the kadılık, a deficiency will occur in the other sections. This is also the case in terms of the knowledge and Means Necessary for the development of civilization. For example, medicine is both an area of activity aimed at relieving people's suffering and an area that has the opportunity to gain the consent of Allah because of service to people. For this reason, we found it appropriate to treat institutions as separate departments without discriminating.
It is known that many works about Islamic civilization and institutions have been written and researched in the modern Islamic world. But in all these studies and works, it is worth noting that almost all of them have given weight to the civilizations and institutions of states established in the Muslim Arab world. Only because of their relations with the Abbasids is a little mention of the Great Seljuks. However, there is either no or very little contact with the Ottoman civilization and institutions, which were developed by other states of the Islamic world (such as the Ottomans) and are almost a civilization in its own right. As far as we can see, this situation arises from my inability to access language and resources.
In this study, Hz. In addition to the civilizations and institutions of the Muslim Arab world, the institutions of other Muslim and Muslim-Turkish States were included in its historical course. In particular, we have given enough space to the Organization of the Ottoman State, which has established its dominance over vast lands in the appearance of a continent and has fairly managed communities with different religions, languages, races, Customs and Customs for centuries. These institutions, which constitute the vital secrets of Muslim states, were evaluated in the light of archival documents and basic sources. For this reason, we believe that our research will fill a large gap.
Dr. Zia digger

CONTENT


Preface 9
Introduction 11
FIRST DIVISION
CIVILIZATION
Civilization 17
Culture 19
Islamic Civilization 23
Sources Of Islamic Civilization 40
Koran 41
Circumcision 42
The transition of Islamic Civilization to the West is sent 44
Some Values Of Islamic Civilization 50
1-Justice 50
2-tolerance 58
SECOND DIVISION
ISLAMIC INSTITUTIONS
Islamic Institutions 83
Sources Of Islamic Institutions 87
Archival Documents 88
Foundations 91
Dates 93
Tabakat and biography books 94
Travelogues 96
Structure and accommodation 99
Coins 100
Caliphate 103
Caliphate During The Umayyad Period 118
Umayyad Caliphs 122
Caliphate During The Abbasid Period 122
Abbasid Caliphs 126
Fatimid Caliphate 127
Fatimid Caliphs 129
Umayyad Caliphate Of Andalusia 130
Umayyad Caliphs Of Andalusia 132
Abbasid Caliphate In Egypt 132
Caliphate 134 During The Ottoman Period
Ottoman Caliphs 140
Vizier 149
Divan 168
Seljuk Period 179
Divan 182 During The Ottoman Period
Types Of Divan 184
Judicial Organization 189
Kadılık 190
Qadi'l-Kudatlik 200
Kadılık 205 During The Ottoman Period
Kadıaskerlik 212
Mezalim 216
Hisbe 225
Requirements For Appointment To The Supreme Court 230
Sheikhulislam 239
Sheikhulislam Phrase 239
Zuhuru Of Sheikhulislam 241
First Sheikhulislam 243
The Importance Of Sheikhulislam 244
End Of Sheikhulislam 247
Sheikhulislam appointed and Azli 250
Duty and Salah of sheikhulislam 252
Mayiyeti Of Sheikhulislam 255
Sheikhulislam Salary 261
Ottoman Sheikhulislams 264
Naqibut-Co-Ordination 267
Imamate 272
Foundation 280
A.Conditions Sought In Foundation 281
B.Conditions Sought In The Foundation Property 282
Foundation 284
History Of The Foundation 287
Origin Of Foundations 295
Administration Of Foundations 298
Foundation Service Sites 302
Mosque 303
Tekke 305
Imaret 309
Madrasa 311
Caravanserai 312
Hospital 317
Bath 319
Bazaar, Arasta and Bedesten 323
Fountain 326
Education and training 330
Pre-Madrasa Education 335
1.Küttab 335
2.Küttab 337, where the Qur'an and Islamic religious principles are taught
3.Mosque 338
Palaces 343
Bookstore Shops 344
Houses Of Scholars 345
Literary Halls 345
Badiye (Desert) 349
Madrasa Period 350
A.Pre-Ottoman 353
a.Daru'l-Hadith 364
b.Daru't-Tib 365
c.Daru'l-Kurra 367
B.Ottoman Period 371
Specialized Madrasas 382
1.Daru'l-Hadith 382
2.Daru't-Tib 383
3.Daru'l-Kurra 386
1.Connection Of The Madrasa With Other Institutions 389
2.Building and outbuildings of madrasas 391
3.Madrasa Teaching Staff 395
a.Muderris (Professor) 395
b.Muid (Assistant) 396
c.Mufid (Associate Professor) 398
d.Demand 398
Ahilik 401
Communications (Berid) 418
Tax and land 441
A.Land-i Öşriyye 443
B.Land-I Haraciyye 443
Grooming In The Ottomans 448
Tax 450
A.Taxes On Muslims 450
1.Zakat 450
2.Öşür 452
B.Taxes on non-Muslims 453
1.Cizye 453
2.Tribute 458
Tax Types 461
Bayt Al-Mal 465
Military Organization 467
Hz. Military organization during the reign of the prophet and Hulefa-I Rashidin 474
Military Organization 482 During The Umayyad Period
Military Organization During The Abbasid Period 483
Military Organization In The Seljuks 486
Military Organization In The Ottomans 487
A.Pedestrian and Musellems 488
B.Ottoman Land Army 490
a.Kapikulu Soldiers 490
1.Kapikulu Infantry 491
a.Beginner's Quarry 491
b.Janissary Quarry 497
2.Kapikulu Cavalry 500
C.State Troop 501
a.Native Servant 501
b.Serhad Kulu 501
c.Groomed Sipahis 501
D.Ottoman Navy 502
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Archival Documents 505
Laws 506
History and strata 506
Public Resources 507
Research 508
Index 515