Religious Affairs Islamic Theology

Religious Affairs Islamic Theology
I-II SKIN
The catechism, which means "behavioral knowledge" in short, consists of compact information aimed at guiding the person who has responsibilities towards his Lord, the society and the environment in which he lives, and the power to fulfill his expectations. This information represents both the direct determinations of religious texts and the interpretations formed around these determinations, the accumulation of experience and a religious life tradition that has been filtered from long periods.

The need for knowledge, which makes it possible to live the individual and social life in accordance with the orders and suggestions of religion, has been met in different ways in Islamic societies since the first periods, but both the working life and occupations have increased and the legacy of religious knowledge and interpretation that has been formed for centuries has been enriched and increased and is almost a chaos. Today, this need has become more fertile.

In this catechism, all religious and legal issues and problems that encompass daily life, including creed, worship, harams and halal, family life, commercial and social life, adhere to the original sources of religion and generally accepted scientific methods, but today's development and change It has also been handled without being overlooked. Thus, in this study, to update the problems within the framework of the catechism culture and to take on current problems, to investigate the approaches and the meanings of the jurists without getting caught in the different views and formal debates in the classical doctrine in the narration of religious-fiqh judgments, to give both the traditional jurisprudence culture and in this context. It is also a basic method followed in this study to carefully distinguish between the decrees in the original sources of the religion and the fiqh culture and tradition, interpretations and different perspectives formed around these provisions in the Islamic society.

Although the views of the Hanafi sect were taken as basis in the compilation of the work, the opinions of other fiqh sects and Islamic scholars of our age were often included in order to prepare a basis for a sound judgment on this subject, and choices were made among them by explaining the reasons when necessary. On the other hand, what it means to have different opinions in the culture of fiqh on a subject and how and to what extent they can be benefited from were both addressed as a methodology problem at the beginning, and it was specifically stated in some places.

While examining the subjects of worship, first of all, the principles and purposes of the worship in question were mentioned in order to inform the meaning and purpose of worship in general, and then it was tried to show the meaning frame of some formal information to be given. In addition, the meaning of the existing information and provisions regarding the conduct of prayers is occasionally indicated. The framework of meaning drawn by the principles and purposes given in the subjects of worship, did not leave us need to repeat the unnecessary mass of details and knowledge in many other catechisms that distract the taxpayer from the position of thinking, understanding and conscious performance. As a result, this method followed in writing makes it possible and necessary for the individual to take responsibility in the face of God for questions and problems related to the performance of prayers and to take initiative within the framework of this responsibility.

Author's as well as the weighted opinions on copyright in fiqh culture, prepared with a great Scholarly overtime Religious Foundation of Turkey in the Islamic Encyclopedia, still investigational product from Faith Worship and Daily Household Encyclopedia in Islam is a scientific work, the late Omar Nasuhi know the Great in the Islamic Catechism and the source is not specified However, the general fiqh literature has been used to the maximum extent.

• In the first volume, after focusing on religion and the religion of Islam, the way of understanding and schools of Islam in the historical process, the development course of the science of fiqh, the basic concepts of fiqh and fiqh, which are key to understanding the ilm-al-Jihal culture, five principles of Islam are discussed. Volume I is devoted to the processing of the position and responsibility of the Muslim vis-à-vis the creator.
• II. In the volume, some social prayers, halal and harams, family life, social and political life, legal and commercial life, individual and social ethics, and the position and relations of Muslims in society are discussed.
The framework of the subjects was created by the expert scientists in the field of the copyright committee.
CONTENTS

Volume 1

Chapter One Religion and Its Nature

WORD OF RELIGION1

II. DEFINITION OF RELIGION3

III. THE SOURCE OF RELIGION5

IV. IMPORTANCE OF RELIGION 6

CLASSIFICATION OF RELIGIONS 8

VI. OTHER RELIGIONS and ISLAM 10

Part Two Islam Religion

THE AUTHORITY OF THE ISLAM 15

II. HISTORICAL PROCESS 19

A) CIVILIZATION FIRKS 21

a) Salafiyya 24

b) Ash'ariyya25

c) Mâtürîdiyye26

d) Mu'tazile 27

e) Cebriyye 28

f) Hâricîlik29

g) Shia29

B) FIELD SECTIONS 31

a) Concept and History 31

b) Fiqh Sects 34

c) Sect Devotion and Telfik 40

aa) Historical and Intellectual Foundations of Affiliation to a Sect 41

bb) Commitment to One Sect 45

cc) Telfik46

C) TASAVVUF48

a) Sufism! Religious and Intellectual Foundations of Thought 48

b) Historical Development 55

c) Period of Organization in Sufism58

d) Institutionalization Period in Sufism60

e) Deviations in Sufism 62

f) Principles 65

Part Three Akaid

IMAN 68

A) DEFINITION AND SCOPE OF FAITH68

B) İCMÂLÎ and TAFSİLİ İMAN 70

a) İcmâlî Faith 70

b) Tafsîlî Faith 71

C) FAITH AND CONFIDENTIAL FAITH71

D) THE BOND BETWEEN FAITH AND AMEL72

a) Deed Is Not An Inalienable Part Of Faith72

b) The Necessity of Deeds and Its Relevance to Faith73

E) THE INCREASED AND DECREASED OF FAITH73

F) CONDITIONS OF THE VALIDITY OF FAITH74

G) RELATION OF FAITH AND ISLAM 75

H) THE BIG SIN CONCEPT76

I) PEOPLE BY CERTIFICATION AND DEDUCT 77

a) Believer 77

b) Unbeliever77

c) Hypocrite 77

]) KÜFÜR and ŞİRK78

K) THE LIMIT BETWEEN BELIEF and KUFUR79

L) TEKFİR79

II. BASES OF FAITH 81

A) BELIEF IN ALLAH82

a) Belief in God 82

b) The Existence and Unity of God83

c) Evidence of the Existence of God 84

d) Names and Attributes of God85

1. "Allah" Special Name 85

2. Name A'zam85

3. Asmâ-i Hüsnâ85

4. God's Attributes87

aa) Self-Adjectives 88

bb) Subjective Adjectives 89

B) BELIEF IN ANGELS92

a) The Concept of Angel and Faith in Angels 92

b) Nature of Angels92

c) Characteristics of Angels92

d) Functions and Types of Angels94

e) The Degree of Superiority Between Angels and Humans95

f) The Jinn and Satan 96

aa) Cin96

bb) Devil 98

C) BELIEF IN THE BOOKS 99

a) The Concept of the Divine Book and Faith in Books 99

b) Divine Books101

aa) Suhuf101

bb) Torah101

cc) Psalter 102

dd) the Bible102

ee) The Quran102

1. The Qur'an Nuzul 103

2. Content of the Quran103

3. The Miracle of the Qur'an 105

4. Features That Distinguish the Quran from Other Scriptures 105

D) BELIEF IN THE PROPHETS 106

a) The Concept of the Prophet and Belief in Prophets106

b) The Need for a Prophet and Wisdom in the Prophethood 108

c) Attributes of the Prophets109

d) Prophets mentioned in the Quran110

e) Degrees of Prophethood110

f) Prophecy and Revelation112

g) Proof of Prophethood113

aa) Miracle 113

bb) Other Extraordinary Cases115

h) Hz. Proof of the Prophethood (Miracles) of Muhammad 115

aa) The Spiritual (mental) Miracle of the Quran115

bb) Sensual Miracles 116

cc) Miracles in the Form of News117

E) HİRETEİMAN117

a) The Day of the Hereafter and the Faith in the Hereafter117

b) Proof of the Existence of the Hereafter119

c) Periods of the Hereafter120

aa) Life of the Grave (Barzakh) 121

bb) Signs of the Last Day and the Apocalypse121

1. When the Doomsday Will Break122

2. Signs of Doomsday (Eşrâtü’s-Sâat) 123

3. Sr and S Üra Murmur 124

cc) Ba’s (Resurrection) and Hereafter 125

1. Ba’s125

2. Hashir and Judgment 126

3.Distributing Deed Books127

4. Account and Question 127

5. Mîzan128

6. Sirat 128

7. Pool 128

8. Intercession 129

9. A‘râf129

10. Hell 130

11. Paradise 131

F) GOOSE AND FATE FAITH 132

a) The Meanings of accident and destiny 132

b) Belief in Accident and Destiny 133

c) Verses and Hadiths Concerning Destiny and Accident 134

d) Creation of Human Willed Acts and Acts135

aa) Will of God and Man135

bb) Human Will and its Role in Action 136

cc) Creation of Human Acts 136

e) Trust 137

f) No and Evil 138

g) Sustenance 139

h) Job 140

Chapter Four Fiqh

CONCEPT 141

II. SOURCE and METHOD143

A) IN GENERAL143

B) EVIDENCES144

a) Book 145

b) Circumcision 145

c) İcmâ146

d) Comparison 148

e) İstihsan149

f) Istislah (Mesâlih-i Mürsele) 151

g) Customs and Customs 151

h) İstishâb152

i) Companion Word 153

j) Pre-Islamic Shari'ahs 153

k) Sedd-i Zerâi '154

C) RE and İCTİHAD155

III. OBLIGATION AND PROVISION 157

A) LICENSE157

B) PROVISION 160

a) Basic Judgment 161

b) Proposal Provisions (Taxpayer's Acts) 163

aa) Five Basic Proposals Provision164

1. VÂCIP164

a) Obligatory 165

b) Vâcip166

2. MENDUP167

a) Sunnah167

b) Müstehap 169

3. MUBAH 169

a) Câiz171

b) Halal 172

4. MEKRUH172

a) Tahrîmen Mekruh173

b) Tenzîhen Mekruh174

5. HARAM174

a) Nevis of Haram Verbs 175

1. Haram li-aynihî175

2. Haram li-ghayrihî175

b) Words Expressing the Provision of Haram 176

c) Authority to Determine the Judgment of Haram 176

d) The Importance of Avoiding Haram177

bb) Perseverance and License 178

IV. İLMİHAL180

Chapter Five Cleaning

PRINCIPLES AND OBJECTIVES183

II. ARTICLE AND PROVISION CLEANING185

A) JUDGMENT OF WATER 186

a) Absolute Water - Mukayyet su187

b) Still Water - Flowing Water 188

B) MATERIAL AND PROVISION POLLUTION 190

a) Najaset 190

b) Hades 192

C) CLEANING WAYS 192

a) Cleaning of Warehouses and Wells 192

b) Istibrâ ve Istiqâ193

III. ABDEST 195

A) NATURE and IMPORTANCE195

B) THE REQUIREMENT OF ABDEST195

C) ABDESTIN FARZLARI 197

D) ABDEST'S CIRCUMSTANCES and ÂDÂBI198

E) ABDESTI DEFEATING SITUATIONS199

F) SHAPE OF ABDEST 200

G) ABDEST OF THE DISABLED201

H) MESH202

a) Mesh on Mest202

b) Mesh on Winding203

IV. GUSUL 204

A) CONDITIONS REQUIRING GUSH204

a) Junkie 205

b) Hayız and Nifas 205

B) GUSLÜN FARZLARI 206

C) THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF GUSL AND THEIR WORLD 207

V. TEYEMMÜM 208

A) THE REASONS OF COMPLETION209

B) CONSTRUCTION OF ALL DAY209

C) SITUATIONS THAT DISSOLVE ALL THINGS 210

VI. HALLER FOR WOMEN210

A) HAYIZ 211

a) Duration 212

b) Religious Provisions 212

B) NIFAS214

C) INTELLIGENCE 215

Chapter Six: Prayer

THE OBJECTIVES OF WORSHIPS IN GENERAL 217

II. THE AUTHORITY and IMPORTANCE OF THE PRAYER 219

III. PRAYER TYPES223

A) FARZ NAMAZLAR223

B) VÂCİP PRAYER224

C) SUPREME PRAYERS224

IV. PRAYER FARZES and BODIES 226

A) NAMAZIN FARZLARI227

a) PRESENTATION CONDITIONS227

1. Hadesten Tahâret227

2. Forgiveness from Najâset 229

3.Setr-i Avret229

4. Istikbâl-i Qibla 231

5. Time 233

aa) Times of the Five-Time Prayer234

bb) Mustehap Time236

cc) Makruh Times 237

dd) Prayer at the Poles 238

6. Intention238

b) RUKUNES OF THE PRAYER 240

1. Iftitah Takbiri240

2. Qiyam 241

3. Quran 241

aa) Quran Recitation 242

bb) The Measure of Secret and Open Reading 243

cc) Zelletü'l-karî245

4. Rükû246

5. Sajda247

6. Ka'de-i Ahire247

B) PRAYER BODIES 249

V. NAMAZIN SUNNAH and ÂDÂBI251

A) CIRCUMSTANCES 252

B) NAMAZIN ÂDÂBI255

VI. BEHAVIOR OF PROMOTION 256

A) PRAYER MEKRUHLARI 256

B) THINGS THAT BROKEN THE PRAYER259

VII. THE SHIRT OF THE PRAYER262

VIII. EZAN and KÂMET266

IX. CEMAATLE NAMAZ270

A) CEMAATLE NAMAZ270

a) The Virtue of Praying in Congregation 270

b) The Rule of Prayer in Congregation271

c) Women Going to Masjids and Their Pure Order 272

d) Situations That Are An Excuse Not To Go To The Congregation275

e) Repeating Congregation in a Masjid276

f) The Etiquette of Praying in Congregation277

B) IMAMLIK277

a) Conditions of Imamship278

b) Validity Requirements for Compliance with the Imam279

c) Some Issues Regarding Prayer in Congregation 281

C) CASES OF WAKING IMMAM 282

a) Müdrik282

b) Lâhik284

c) Mesbûk285

FRIDAY PRAYER X 287

A) PLACE IN RELIGIOUS AND RULES 288

B) TERMS OF THE FRIDAY PRAYER289

a) Wankab Conditions of the Friday Prayer290

1. Being a Man 290

2. No Excuse 292

3. Hürriyet 293

4. Residence 294

b) The Conditions of Health of the Friday Prayer294

1. Time 294

2. Congregation 294

3. City 295

4. Cami296

5. Vacation 298

6. Hutbe299

aa) Pillar of the Sermon299

bb) Terms of the Sermon 300

cc) Sunnah of the Sermon 301

dd) Makruhlan of the sermon

C) THE SHIRT OF THE FRIDAY PRAYER302

1. Zuhr-i Ahir Prayer302

2. Some Issues Related to the Time of Friday and the Friday Prayer 303

XI. SHIFT PRAYER304

XII. HOLIDAY PRAYER 306

XIII. NFİLE PRAYER 308

A) REVTİB CIRCUMCISES 308

a) Sunnahs Performed Regularly with Timed Prayers 308

aa) Sunnah of Muakkadah 309

bb) Ghayr-i Muakakad Sunnahs309

b) Tarawih Prayer311

B) OTHER POPULATION PRAYERS315

a) Tahajjud Prayer 315

b) Qush Prayer 315

c) Awwabin Prayer315

d) Tahiyyetü'l-mosque 316

e) Prayer after Wudu and Ghusl316

f) The Prayer of Departure and Return from the Journey317

g) Salat prayer 317

h) The Prayer for Employment 318

i) Prayer of Repentance 319

j) Tasbih Prayer319

k) Prayer for Rain 320

1) Kuf and Husuf Prayers321

m) Praying on Blessed Nights322

XIV. SOME ISSUES RELATED TO PRAYER 322

A) PATIENT PRAYER 322

B) PASSENGER PRAYER 323

a) Nature of Voyage323

b) Provisions of Voyage 326

C) PERFORMING TWO PRAYERS IN A TIME (CEM ‘) 329

D) PRAYER OF FEAR 333

XV. THE EXCAVATION OF PRAYERS 334

A) Causes335

B) Execution Method 337

XVI. ISSUES RELATED TO SECDETS 339

A) SEHİV SECDESİ 339

a) The Way of Making the Sehiv Prostration340

b) Situations that Require Bow Dress 341

aa) Situations where an abandoned obligatory can be compensated by accident during prayer 343

bb) Situations for Prostration344

cc) Special Cases for Imams351

B) TİLÂVET SECDESİ 352

C) SECDES OF GRATITUDE 354

XVII. FUNERAL PRAYER 354

A) Washing the Funeral 356

B) Shrouding the Funeral 359

C) Funeral Prayer 360

D) Performing the Funeral Prayer362

E) Some Matters Regarding the Funeral364

F) Transport 365

G) Burial366

H) Reading the Quran and Suggestion367

İ) Tâziye369

J) Scratch and Transfer 370

a) Iskat370

b) Transfer 374

K) Provisions for Martyrs377

Chapter Seven Fasting

PRINCIPLES AND OBJECTIVES379

II. THE AUTHORITY AND IMPORTANCE OF FASTING381

III. Types of Fasting 384

A) FARZ ORUÇ 384

B) VÂCİP ORUÇ385

C) NÂFİLE ORUÇ 385

D) DAYS WHEN FASTING IS PROHIBITED 388

IV. The terms and conditions of fast 390

A) SEEING THE CRESCENT 391

a) Time of the Crescent Seen 392

b) Question of Rü'yet-i Hilâl392

B) LIABILITY CONDITIONS394

a) Conditions of Obligation395

b) Excuses that make it permissible not to fast 395

C) VALIDITY CONDITIONS 398

a) Intention 399

b) Avoiding Things That Invalidate Fasting 402

D) THINGS THAT ARE CONSULTING FOR THE ORUÇLU 402

E) İTİKÂF 404

PROHIBITIONS OF FASTING 405

A) MEKRUHS OF FASTING 405

B) BREAKING THE LAST 406

a) Accident and Situations Requiring Atonement406

b) Situations that Require an Accident Only 407

c) The Provision of Using Medication and Injection 409

VI. ORUCUN KAZÂS1411

A) KAZIS1411 OF THE RAMADAN LAST

B) LEFT FOREVER 411

C) RANCH 413

D) ISKÂT-i SAVM 415

Chapter Eight Zakat

PRINCIPLES AND OBJECTIVES 419

II. NATURE and IMPORTANCE422

III. CONDITIONS OF INTELLIGENCE426

A) LIABILITY CONDITIONS426

a) Conditions Concerning the Taxpayer 426

b) Conditions Concerning the Goods427

B) VALIDITY CONDITIONS436

a) Intention 436

b) Assignment437

IV. INTELLIGENT MEDICAL GOODS 439

A) GOLD and SILVER 440

a) Cash or Gold Bullion and Silver as a means of Exchange 440

b) Jewelry of Gold and Silver441

c) Zakat on Coins and Paper Money 442

B) TRADE GOODS 443
C) SOIL PRODUCTS 444

D) HONEY and OTHER ANIMAL PRODUCTS447

E) MINE AND MARINE GRAIN 448

a) Rikâz448

b) Mines450

c) Seafood 452

F) ANIMALS 452

a) Zakat of camels 453

b) Zakat of Sheep 454

c) Zakat of Cattle 454

d) Atlann Zakat 455

G) INDUSTRIAL Wealth, INVESTMENT AND PRODUCTION AND TOOLS 457

H) INCOME GOODS LIKE BUILDING AND TRANSPORT VEHICLES460

I) Salary, salary and free career earnings 462

J) SHARES 463

PAYMENT OF INTELLIGENCE469

A) TIME TO PAY INTELLIGENCE 469

B) THE WAY OF PAYMENT OF THE INTELLIGENCE472

VI. DISTRIBUTION OF INTELLIGENCE 476

A) CONSUMABLES OF ZEKT476

1. POOR AND MUSKINS477

2. ÂMİLLER481

3. MÜELLEFE-i KULÛB482

4. RIKIB 483

5. BORROWERS 484

6. Fî SEBÎLİLLAH486

7. İBNÜ's-SEBÎL487

B) DISTRIBUTION METHOD OF INTELLIGENCE 489

C) PERSONS THAT WILL NOT BE GIVEN INTELLIGENCE490

D) FAILED IN GIVING ZEKT492

VII. ZEKÂT-TAX RELATION493

a) Zakat Non-Taxable Parties494

b) Zakat's Tax-Like Parties495

VIII. THE STRENGTH OF GIVING ZEKAT498

IX. FITIR PLATE 501

A) THE IMPORTANCE OF FITIR ALWAYS 502

B) EXTENDED FROM THE FITIR 502

C) TIME OF PAYMENT 505

D) PAYMENT OF FITIR ALLOCATION506

a) Quantity506

b) Method of Payment 508

c) Persons Eligible for Filter 509

Chapter Nine Hajj and Umrah

PRINCIPLES AND OBJECTIVES 511

II. DEFINITION AND NATURE OF THE HACCIN514

III. HACCIN CONDITIONS 516

A) LIABILITY TERMS 516

B) EDA REQUIREMENTS516

C) VALIDITY REQUIREMENTS 518

a) İHRAM 518

aa) Rukuns of Ihram 519

bb) Ihramin Vâcipleri522

cc) Sunnah of Ihram523

dd) Ihram Forbidden 523

ee) Things Not Prohibited for Ihramli 525

b) SPECIAL TIME 525

c) PRIVATE SPACE 526

IV. HACCIN RUKUNES 526

A) ARAFAT FOUNDATION 526

a) Conditions for the Validity of the Foundation527

b) Sunnah of Arafat Foundation 527

B) VISIT ADMINISTRATION 528

a) Conditions for the Sufficiency of the Attendance 529

1. Timing of the Tawaf 529

2. Intention 529

3. Performing Tawaf in the Harem, Around the Kaaba 530

4. Having Made Most of the Shavts530

b) Tawaf's Persons 530

c) Sunnah of Tawaf531

d) Preparation of Tawaf532

e) Types of Tawaf 532

V. HACCIN VICIPS533

A) SAT533

a) Conditions for the Validity of Sa'534

b) Sa'yin Vâcipleri534

c) Sunnah of Sa'yin 535

d) The Preparation of Sa'y535

B) MÜZDELİFE FOUNDATION 536

a) Terms of Validity536

b) Time of the Muzdalifah Foundation 536

c) Performing Maghrib and Isha prayers with Jam‘-i Te'hir 537

C) GRINDING DEVIL537

a) The Requirements for Stoning Satan to be Valid537

b) Time to Grind Satan538

c) Number of Stones to be Throwed 539

d) Sunnahs of Stoning Satan540

e) The Makruhlan of Stoning Satan540

f) How to Grind Satan540

g) Power of Attorney in Stoning Satan541

h) The Crash Of Stones That Cannot Be Throwed On Time 541

ı) Increased Stones541

D) SHAVING OR SHORTENING THE HAIR 541

a) Time and Place 542

b) The Amount of Hair To Be Shaved Or Shortened 542

c) Arrangement Between Shaving and Other Menâsik543

d) Provision of Shaving and Shortening Hair 543

E) TAVAFI544

a) Conditions of Existence544

b) Time and Health Requirement 544

VI. HACCIN CIRCUMSTANCES and ÂDÂBI545

A) CIRCUMCINES OF THE HACCIN 545

a) Kudum Tawafi 545

b) Hajj Sermons 545

c) Spending the Night of Arafa in Mina546

d) Spending the Bayram Night in Muzdalifah546

e) Staying in Mina on Feast Days546

f) Rest for a while in Muhassab546

B) HACCIN ÂDÂBI 546

VII. UMRE547

A) Definition 547

B) Fards and Obligations of Umrah547

C) Time of Umrah547

D) The Making of Umrah548

VIII. HACCIN TYPES 548

A) HAC VARIETIES IN TERMS OF PROVISION 548

B) HAC VARIETIES IN TERMS OF CONSTRUCTION 548

a) Ifrad Hajj 549

b) Dividend 'Haccı549

c) Kırân Pilgrimage 549

d) Conditions of Dividend and Volume of Dividends 549

IX. THE CONSTRUCTION OF HAC AND UMREN550

X. VICTIMS REGARDING HAC AND UMRE 555

A) THE NATURE OF THE GIFT 555

B) OBLIGED WITH THE HEDY VICTORY AND VARIETIES OF GIFTS 556

a) Tatawu Hedy556

b) Vâcip Hedy556

C) PLACE AND TIME TO CUT THE HEDY VICTORY 556

D) MEATS OF THE HEDY VICTIMS 557

E) ORUÇ 557 IN PLACE OF THE VICTIM

XI. The Murders of Hajj and the Umrah 558

A) THE MEANING OF MURDER 558

B) PENALTY AND VIRGINES OF MURDERS 559

a) The Disruption of Hajj and Umrah and its Occurrence

Requiring Murders 559

b) Murders that Require Slaughter of a Camel or Cattle 559

c) Murders that Require Slaughter of Sheep or Goats (Dem) 560

aa) Those Related to Pilgrimage and Umrah 560

bb) Those Related to Ihram Prohibitions 560

d) Murders that Require Donation as much as Firat Allegiance 562

e) Murders that Require Payment 562

aa) Related to Hunting Animals Living on Land 562

bb) Those Related to Hunting and Plants of the Harem Area 563

f) Not Complying with Ihram Prohibitions Due to Excuse563

C) TERM AND PLACE OF PAYMENT OF MURDER, PENALTY AND AREAS563

XII. İHSÂR and FEVÂT564

A) İHSÂR564

a) Exiting Ihram Due to Ihsar 565

b) Menasicin Accident That Cannot Be Done Due To Ignition 565

B) FEVÂT565

XIII. HACDA ATTORNEY566

A) Power of Attorney at Worships566

B) The Terms of Power of Attorney for the Fard Hajj567

XIV. VISITING MESCID-i NEBI AND OUR PROPHET'S CABIN IN MEDINA569

Chapter Ten

Hz. The Worship Life of the Prophet 573

2. SKIN

Chapter Eleven The Sacrifice

1. Religious Decree of the Sacrifice and Types of Sacrifice2

2. Obligation of Sacrifice3

3. Sacrificial Animal Slaughter 6

a) Conditions 6

b) Cutting Process 8

4. The Victim's Meat and Other Pieces 9

5. The Sacrifice of Aqiq 11

CHAPTER TWELVE The Atonement

1. The Penalty of Breaking Fasting 14

2. Penance of Oath 16

3. Atonement for Zihr 17

4. Atonement for Murder 18

5. Penance of Shaving in Hajj19

6. Atonement for Sexual Relationship with Women with Menstruation 19

Chapter Thirteenth Vows and Oaths

1. Adak 21

a) Nature 21

b) Conditions23

c) Provision 24

2. Oaths25

a) Nature 25

b) Types of Oath 27

1. Lağv Oath27

2. Gamus Oath27

3. Mün'akit Oath27

Chapter Fourteenth Harams and Halals

PRINCIPLES AND OBJECTIVES 29

II. FOOD31

A) Animals whose Meat is Eaten and Inedible 34

a) History 34

b) Principles and Objectives 35

c) Land Animals 38

d) Aquatic Animals 41

e) Animals Living Both On Land and Aquatic 42

f) Some Issues Related to Animal Meat42

g) Jurisprudence on Swine 43

B) Slaughter of Animals 45

a) Slaughtered Animal 46

b) Nature of Pouching the Animal 47

c) Tesmiye 48

d) Tools Used in Cutting 50

e) Cutting Method 50

f) Baby Coming Out of the Belly of the Slaughtered Animal 51

g) Evaluation51

C) Hunting and Hunting 52

a) Religious Provision of Hunting 53

b) Conditions 54

1. Conditions Regarding the Hunter and the Way of Hunting 54

2. Conditions Regarding the Animal to be Hunted 56

3. Conditions for Hunting Gear 58

a) Hunting with Arms 58

b) Hunting with a Predator59

III. DRINKS 60

IV. ADDICTIONS 66

A) Smoking 66

a) Loss 67

b) Waste 68

c) Alimony Obligation68

B) Narcotic Substances 69

DRESSING AND DECORATION70

A) Veiling 70

B) Use of Silk Clothes and Fabrics 73

C) Decoration and Aesthetic Interventions78

a) Hair Related Savings79

b) Eyebrow Removal-Hair Removal81

c) Savings that Leave Permanent Traces on the Body 82

d) Aesthetic Surgery82

D) Use of Gold and Silver84

a) Hadiths Concerning the Use of Gold and Silver85

b) Use of Gold and Silver Ornaments 85

c) Use of Gold and Silverware 86

d) Possession of Gold and Silver Items 86

e) Gold Ring 88

f) Golden Ornament89

E) Hair, Beard and Mustache90

F) Use of Cologne and Alcoholic Substances93

VI. ART, SPORTS AND ENTERTAINMENT94

A) Art95

a) Conceptual Framework 95

b) Painting and Sculpture 97

c) Music 105

B) Sports and Entertainment113

a) Conceptual Framework113

b) Some Sports Activities Encouraged by the Prophet 115

C) Games-Entertainment 117

a) Wedding117

b) Backgammon 118

c) Chess121

d) Gambling 121

VII. GENDER OF LIFE123

A) Gender Emotion and Gender Education 124

B) Sexual Life and Prohibitions 126

a) Prohibition of Adultery 129

b) Protective Measures and Prohibitions131

C) Birth Control133

a) Individual Dimension134

b) Population Planning135

D) Abduction137

E) Artificial İlkah and IVF 140

VIII. DAILY LIFE143

A) Bid'ah and Superstitions143

B) Unseen Knowledge 146

a) Fortune telling 147

b) Star and Horoscope Horoscope 149

c) Prophecy152

d) Spirituality152

e) Sorcery154

C) Spirit155

a) Summoning 155

b) Declaration 157

D) Dream Interpretation 160

E) Disease and Treatment 163

a) Treatment with Haram Substances164

b) Reading Treatment 166

c) Organ Transplantation168

1. In terms of İtikadî and Uhrevî 168

2. In Terms of Islamic Law Principles 170

F) Animals 173

a) Animal Rights 174

b) Animal Nutrition 175

c) Dog 175

d) Artificial Insemination177

IX. FUNDAMENTAL OFFENSES AGAINST PERSONS AND PROPERTY 178

A) Do not kill178

B) Blood feud 180

C) Suicide182

D) Attack on Chastity and Honor184

E) Attack on Personality Rights186

F) Drunkenness187

G) Theft 189

H) Extortion and Pillage 190

I) Tortious Act 192

J) Unfair Acquisition193

Chapter Fifteenth Family Life

PRINCIPLES AND OBJECTIVES195

II. Marriage 198

A) Importance of Marriage 198

B) The Nature and Manner of Marriage 199

C) Engagement 201

D) The Elements and Conditions of Marriage203

a) Elements 203

1. Parties204

2. Statement of Will 204

b) Establishment Requirements204

1. Driving License 204

2. Assembly Union 205

3.No Barrier to Marriage 205

4. Unconditional Marriage 205

c) Validity Requirements206

1. Witnesses 206

2. No Barrier to Marriage 207

3. Absence of Credit 207

4. Marriage Not Hidden 208

d) Enforcement Conditions 208

e) Binding Requirements209

f) Consequences of Failure to Comply with the Terms 209

E) Marriage License 210

F) Guardianship211

a) Restricted212

1. Coercive Guardianship (Velâyet-i İcbar) 212

2. Non-Coercive Guardianship (Velâyet-i İhtiyâr or İstihbâb) 212

b) Parents 213

1. Private Parents 213

2. Public Status213

c) Public Imaging214

G) Equivalence214

H) Barriers to Marriage 215

a) Permanent Marriage Barriers215

1. Blood Relationship215

2. Magic Relationship 215

3. Milk Affinity 215

b) Temporary Marriage Barriers 216

1. Being Someone Else's Wife 216

2. Marrying With Two Relatives216

3. Three Times Divorce216

4. Religion Difference 217

I) The Consequences of the Marriage217

a) Women's Rights217

1. Mehir217

2. Alimony 219

b) Husband's Rights 221

J) Evaluation221

111. END OF THE MARRIAGE UNION 223

A) Termination 223

B) Divorce224

a) Conditions of Divorce 225

1. Conditions Belonging to the Husband 225

2. Conditions of Women227

b) Words of Divorce 227

c) Types of Divorce229

1. Ric'î Talâk229

2. Bâin Talâk 230

3. Sunni Talaq231

4. Bid‘î Talâk231

d) Conditional Divorce 232

C) Divorce by Mutual Consent232

D) Divorce with the Court Karan 233

a) Causes of Accidental Divorce233

1. Disease and Defect 233

2. Husband Does Not Provide Alimony 234

3. Abandonment and Absence 235

4.Hard Treatment and Incompatibility236

b) Liân237

c) Up to 237

E) Evaluation237

IV. THE RESULTS OF THE TERMINATION OF MARRIA 239

A) Iddet 239

a) Death Term240

b) Term of Divorce or Termination240

B) Alimony 241

BIRTH AND RESULTS241

A) Nesep242

a) Nesebin Subtu242

1. Valid Marriage242

Fâsid II Marriage 242

3. Ikrar243

b) Adoption243

B) Breastfeeding244

C) Child's Care and Discipline244

D) Alimony 245

a) Procedural Alimony 245

b) Fürû Alimony 245

c) Affiliation Alimony 245

VI. HERITAGE LAW 246

Chapter Sixteenth Political Life

RELIGION AND POLITICS IN THE WEST CHRISTIAN 252

A) Historical Experience252

B) Forms of State in Relation to Religion255

a) Theocracy256

b) Byzantineism256

c) Secularism257

C) Management Styles260

II. RELIGION AND POLITICS IN THE MUSLIM EAST261

A) The Quran and Sunnah262

B) Historical Experience264

a) Hz. Political Leadership of the Prophet264

b) Medina Convention266

c) Post-Prophetic Era 270

1. Abolition of the Caliphate276

2. Evaluation of Historical Experience285

C) Classical Islamic Political Theory288

a) Domination 288

b) Government289

1. Legislation291

2. Execution294

3rd Jurisdiction 296

c) Hilâfet297

D) Evaluation301

III. HUMAN RIGHTS303

A) Freedom of Religion and Conscience 307

B) Women's Rights312

C) Slavery 325

Chapter Seventeenth Working Life

LABOR-CAPITAL BALANCE 331

II. EMPLOYER-EMPLOYER RELATIONS 333

A) Employment Contract 333

B) Employer's Rights and Responsibilities 335

C) Rights and Duties of the Worker 336

Chapter Eighteenth Legal and Commercial Life

1. PRINCIPLES AND OBJECTIVES 341

A) Akid 343

a) Natural Elements of the Contract 344

b) Contractual Establishment Conditions346

c) Contract Validity Conditions349

d) Invalidity of Contracts351

e) Legal Consequence of the Contract 351

f) Termination of Contract 352

g) Types of Contracts 353

B) Consent Principle 354

a) Gabin and Tagrir Ban355

b) Prohibition of Garar358

c) The Prohibition of Unknown 360

II. LEGAL LIFE361

A) Debt 362

B) Sale365

a) Types of Banned Sale 366

1.Sales Banned Due to Garar and Unknown 367

2. Sales Banned for Damage and Gabin370

3. Sale Ban Imposed in Terms of Worship374

4. The Sale That Leads to Harama 375

5. Shopping from Haram Road Winners 376

b) Types of Sale 376

C) Barter 377

D) Rental 378

E) Şüfa 383

F) Company 388

G) Ariyet 390

H) Karz391

I) Grant 393

J) Remittance 395

K) Bail 396

L) Pledge 398

M) Consigned Goods 401

N) Found Mal402

O) Power of Attorney 405

P) Jurisdiction 406

III. COMMERCIAL LIFE 408

A) Halal Profit 409

B) Interest Prohibition 411

a) Interest Prohibition in the Quran412

b) Interest Ban on Circumcision 414

c) Purpose of the Interest Prohibition416

d) Message of the Interest Prohibition 418

e) Interest-Profit Relationship 420

f) The Tavn420 of Islamic Scholars on Interest

g) Fraud in Interest 421

h) Inflation-Interest Relation 422

ı) Maturity Difference-Interest Relation 423

j) Evaluation 424

C) Cow Sale 426

D) Currency and Money Exchange (Consumables) 431

E) The Effect of Inflation on Debt Relations432

F) Term Sale 437

G) Payables and Penal Clause 441

H) Profit Limit 442

I) Air Money 444

J) Stock Exchange and Stocks447

K) Insurance 451

Chapter Nineteen Social Life

RESPONSIBILITY AWARENESS and THE ENVIRONMENT 468

A) Natural Environment469

B) Social Environment 471

II. SOCIAL ORDER RULES 476

III. NEIGHBORHOOD RELATIONS 478

IV. TORES and CEREMONIES 480

A) Mevlid 480

B) Visiting 482

C) Holiday 483

D) Handshake and Embrace 484

E) Ashura 487

F) New Year's Day 488

G) Nowruz 489

H) Birthday and Anniversary 491

Chapter Twentieth The Ethics of Islam

DEFINITIONS AND GENERAL INFORMATION 493

A) Definition and Nature of Ethics 493

B) Ethics 495

C) Moral Philosophy 496

D) Ethics of Islam 496

II. HISTORY and LITERATURE 498

A) A Brief Overview of the Ethics of the Age of Ignorance 498

B) Morals in the Quran and Sunnah 500

a) The Mentality Change Caused by Islam in Morals 500

b) The Fundamental Ethics of the Qur'an and Sunnah 502

1. Taqwa 503

2. Hilim 506

C) The Emergence of Islamic Ethics as a Science 510

a) Early Developments and Model Works 510

b) The Concept of Manners and Literary-Moral Copyright 511

III. ISLAM'S VIEW OF CERTAIN MORAL PROBLEMS 514

A) Moral Freedom 514

B) The Source of Morality 516

C) The Purpose of Morality 517

IV. MAIN MORAL DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 519

A) Duties of Man Against His Own Person 519

a) Duties of Human Being Related to Bodily Existence 520

b) Man's Duties Concerning his Spiritual and Spiritual Existence 520

1. Taqa 521

2. Hilim 521

3. Wisdom 521

4. Chastity 523

5. Honesty and Honesty 523

6. Humility 525

B) Moral Duties in the Family 526

a) Importance of the Family 526

b) Rights and Duties Between Spouses 527

c) Duties of Parents to Their Children 528

d) Duties of Children to Their Parents 529

e) Rights and Duties Between Relatives 530

C) Social Duties and Responsibilities 531

a) Love, Brotherhood and Friendship 531

b) Social Peace and Reconciliation 533

c) Respect for Human Rights 535

D) Duties and Responsibilities Related to Business and Trade 539

a) Importance of Work, Production and Earning 539

b) Tasks Related to Production and Winning 540

c) Duties Related to Expenditure and Consumption 543

E) Political Duties and Responsibilities 547

a) The Importance of Politics in Islamic Thought 547

b) Some Qualifications and Duties of the Manager 548

1. Driving License and Merit 548

2. Justice and Honesty 549

c) Roles and Responsibilities of the Managed 550

1. Respect for Political Authority 550

2. Society's Attitude Against Unfair Rule 551

V. Hz. EXAMPLE OF THE PROPHET'S MENTAL AND PERSONALITY 552

Index 559